Studia Luxembourgensia
by Donald C. Jackman


   I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1
  II Chronology and Three Key Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     a. Chronological Contour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     b. Gerbert of Aurillac’s Missive to Empress Theophanu  . . . . . . 11
     c. Gozelo’s Witnesses of 943 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     d. The Steinfeld Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     e. Evidentiary Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
 III A Question of Adoption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
  IV Royal Relationship in Luxembourg Onomastic . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
   V Kunigunde the Elder and the Reginars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
     a. Source Evidence for Connection to the Reginars  . . . . . . . . 32
     b. Pope Leo IX’s Relatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
  VI The Luxembourg Duchies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
     a. Bavaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
        Bavarian Background of Henry (I)’s Wife . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
        Membership in or Consanguinity with the Royal Family  . . . . . 41
        Luxembourg Descent as Installment Principle . . . . . . . . . . 43
        Ideas Applicable in the Early Eleventh Century  . . . . . . . . 44
     b. Lower Lorraine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
        The Succession from Reginar to Richer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
        The Custodianship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
        Documentation of the Luxembourg Dukes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
        Chronology and Synthesis  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
 VII The Consanguineous Marriage of Emperor Henry II  . . . . . . . . . 61
     a. Kunigunde’s Supposed Chastity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
     b. Princeps legibus solutus est  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
     c. Circumstances circa 1000  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
     d. Multiple Marital Consanguinity  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
     e. Anent the Steinfeld Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
VIII Comparative Accuracy of Inferred Affiliations. . . . . . . . . . . 68
     a. Argumentation for Comparative Accuracy  . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
     b. Tangential Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
        Duke Berthold’s Betrothed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
        Charles the Simple and Adalbero I of Metz as nepotes  . . . . . 73
        Arguments from Silence about the Ducal Title  . . . . . . . . . 75
     c. Arguments against the Traditional Reconstruction  . . . . . . . 76
     d. Siegfried’s Membership in the Ardenne Family  . . . . . . . . . 78
     e. Conclusion  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
  IX Postscript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Bibliography  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Appendix (separatim): Succession of Dukes in Lower Lorraine


List of Tables

1. Conventional affiliation of Siegfried (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Excerpt from an 11th-century Carolingian stemma  . . . . . . . . . . 20
3. Name occurrences in the Ardenne family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4. Liudolfinger onomastic in the Ardenne family . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5. Adalberos and Dietrichs as bishops of Metz . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6. Derivations of the name Oda  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7. Pope Leo IX’s Ardenne relatives in Metz  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
8. Names of the Reginars in the Ardenne family  . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9. Bishop Adalbero I’s nepos relationship with Charles the Simple . . . 84